Nnetwork and data link layer of cdma pdf

A link isthe communication channels that connect two adjacent hosts or routers. The physical layer provides to the data link layer the ability to deliver or accept a raw bit stream. The giwu hardware equipment is physically located at the mscvlr. Cdma, code division multiple access an implementation of direct sequence spread spectrum, dsss, and was used almost universally for 3g mobile communications standards as it provided an excellent format as a multiple access scheme. Multiple access protocols in computer network geeksforgeeks. What are the link layer protocols for cellular networks. Whereas layer 4 performs logical addressing ipv4, ipv6, layer 2 performs physical addressing. Link layer retransmission schemes for circuitmode data. Fdma, tdma, cdma voice and limited data circuit switch wireless data. Now, given that mac address in data link layer is an artifact that is closer to the user than the network layer, i think the data link layer should be above network layer. As sender receives indicator, all transmissions have to be stalled narrowband busy tone.

Cdma technology has undergone many stages of revolution to offer improved voice and data service to the end users. This paper presents the architecture of data link layer for wireless sensor networks. Jul 06, 2019 cdma networks layer digitalized calls over one another, assigning unique codes to differentiate between them. Global system for mobile communication technology mobile device investigations program. Gsm vs cdma whats the difference between the two technologies. Nov 15, 2019 cdma networks allow for a greater number of users, meaning their capacity for communication is greater than that of gsm networks.

If there is a dedicated link between the sender and the receiver then data link control layer is sufficient, however if there is no dedicated link present then multiple stations can access the channel simultaneously. Every call data is encoded with a different key, and the calls are then transmitted at. Gsm and cdma spectrum frequencies the cdma network operates in the frequency spectrum of cdma 850 mhz and 1900 mhz while the gsm network operates in the frequency spectrum of gsm 850 mhz and 1900 mhz. To implement 1xevdo, operators will have to install a separate carrier that is dedicated to data only use at each cell location where highspeed data services are demanded.

This header provides the information needed for routing e. Typically, the network layer adds its own header to the packets received from the transport layer. It has gained widespread international acceptance by cellular radio system operators as an upgrade that will dramatically increase both their system capacity and the service quality. No new applications for cdma service are accepted after 7 november 2018. These codes are used for synchronization in the forward and reverse links and for cellbase station identification in the forward link.

Radio layer the bluetooth radio layer corresponds to the physical layer of osi model. Cdma2000 1xevdo evolutiondata optimized, often abbreviated as evdo or ev, is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband internet access. The giwu hardware equipment is physically located at. It also prevents unauthorized subscribers from accessing the system and prevents the radio interface data from being stolen. In particular, the optimal routing problem in the network layer and resource allocation problem in the radio control layer are coupled through the link capacities, and the optimal performance can only be achieved by simultaneous optimization. May 05, 2010 code division multiple access introduction cont. How does it support more than one group in the same channel. The ethernet a local area network, data link layer and. Ppp is established prior to ip datagram is being exchanged between ms and pdsn. Cdma is the common platform on which 3g technologies are built. Link layer pl link layer ip ms rn pdsn end host ip rp is rn to pdsn interface depends on layer 2 connection ethernet, sonet, atm, etc.

Data link layer silvia giordano ica, epfl the data link layeris responsible for transferring a datagram across an individual link. Request pdf joint physical layer and data link layer optimization of cdma based networks in cdma systems, outer loop power control olpc determines the target value of snr at the receiver. Cdma networks layer digitalized calls over one another, assigning unique codes to differentiate between them. In 2010, carriers worldwide switched to lte, a 4g network that supports simultaneous voice and data use. The msc initiates the handoff by establishing a link between the mobile unit and the new cell site. In 17 it was claimed that the probability density function pdf of the received powerdepends on the tpc algorithm, speed of the adaptive power control apc system, dynamicalrange of the transmitter. Networking standards exist to help ensure products of different vendors are able to work together in a network without risk of incompatibility. Through the giwu, users can alternate between speech and data during the same call. Tight synchronization is required to use orthogonal codes, which then break in a multipath channel anyway quasiorthogonal codes cause selfinterference, which dominates the performance in most cdma systems nearfar problem is a serious hindrance, requiring fast and. Cdma issues so far, cdma looks like a step backwards. The mdr feature allows up to eight code channels to be bundled together to support up to eight times the maximum data rate of a single channel. Addition of busy indicator on network or link layer. Pdf enhancements of the uplink packet data access in wcdma.

It is a functional entity of the hlr, specially dedicated to the security management of the cdma system. The mac address is closer to the hardware, not the user, and is not always present at all, being specific to the ieee 802 lan architecture. About the tutorial rxjs, ggplot2, python data persistence. It uses multiplexing techniques including code division multiple access cdma as well as timedivision multiple access to maximize both individual users throughput and the. This document contains the specification of the ethernet, a local area network developed jointly by digital equipment corporation, intel corporation, and xerox corporation. However, customers will be able to handoff seamlessly from a 1x to a 1xevdo. The network layer provides the means of transferring variablelength network packets from a source to a destination host via one or more networks. A cellular cdma network with voice and data communications is considered. The data link layer provides service to the network layer above it. Third generation standards cdma2000 uses frequency division duplexingmulticarrier fddmc mode. The short code used in cdma system is based on a msequence created from a lfsr of 15 registers of length 215 1 32,767 codes. In particular, the is95 cdma air interface standard permits multiplexing of primary traffic e.

Within the service layering semantics of the osi network architecture, the network layer responds to service requests from the transport layer and issues service requests to the data link layer. In this paper, we describe two radio link protocols for circuitmode data over is95. At the other the data link layer must be able to break the raw bit stream into frames. It allows multiple groups to share the same channel at the same time by assigning each group to different code. Data networks lecture 1 introduction mit opencourseware. In osi networking model, why is network layer above datalink. To implement 1xevdo, operators will have to install a separate carrier that is dedicated to dataonly use at each cell location where highspeed data services are demanded. The remote network layer peer should receive the identical message generated by the sender e. The 1x standard supports packet data speeds of up to 153 kbits with real world data transmission averaging 80100 kbits in most commercial applications. Code division multiple access cdma one channel carries all. Requirements are specified and the functional description is given.

It uses multiplexing techniques including code division multiple access cdma as well as timedivision multiple access to maximize both individual users throughput and the overall. Simultaneous routing and power allocation in cdma wireless. Cdma, which stands for code division multiple access, is a competing cell phone service technology to gsm, on 2g and 3g networks that is gradually phasing out. Moreover, cdma is the infrastructure on which all 3g networks are. This band is divided into 79 channels of 1mhz each. Pdf data link layer design for wireless sensor networks. The medium access control mac, the radio link control rlc, the broadcastmulticast control bmc and the packet data convergence protocol pdcp belong to the layer 2 of the utra network, utran. For cellularcdma wireless communications systems the tpc plays a major role for the uplink. Insert dle before accidental dle in data remove stuffed character at destination fig 34 8 the ohio state university raj jain bit stuffing delimit with special bit pattern bit flags stuff bits if pattern appears in data remove stuffed bits at destination fig 35. There are several platforms for high speed cellular networks.

The receiver, knowing the code sequence of the user, decodes the received signal and recovers the original data. Now, given that mac address in datalink layer is an artifact that is closer to the user than the network layer, i think the datalink layer should be above network layer. Nov 24, 2019 cdma, which stands for code division multiple access, is a competing cell phone service technology to gsm, on 2g and 3g networks that is gradually phasing out. That is, sender sends at a speed on which the receiver can process and accept the data. The radio layer moves data from master to slave or vice versa. Gsm network architecture, channelisation, signalling and. When the data link layer creates a frame it computes a checksum of its data contents and send this as part of the frame.

Chapter 5 link layer and lans college of engineering. The mobile unit transmits a control message to the msc, stating it has entered another cells coverage area. Imt2000 also made changes to the data link layer for greater use of data services, including medium and link access control protocols and qos. Examples of link layer protocols include ethernet, token ring, fddi, and ppp. Generate a local pseudorandom code with a higher rate than the data to. General packet radio service gprs and enhanced data rates for global evolution edge cdma, are 3g gsm based standards. Cdma2000 1xevdo evolution data optimized, often abbreviated as evdo or ev, is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband internet access. Switching, mobile phones, cable, beginning data link layer. Focusing on the downlink direction, we seek for the overall performance improvement which can be achieved by crosslayer analysis and design, taking physical layer, link layer, network layer, and transport layer into account. The ethernet a local area network data link layer and physical layer specifications digital equipment corporation intel corporation xerox corporation maynard, ma santa clara, ca stamford, ct version 2.

Protocol could also use explicit acknowledgments e. Gsm interworking unit giwuthe giwu consists of both hardware and software that provides an interface to various networks for data communications. Networking standards ensure the interoperability of networking technologies by defining the rules of communication among networked devices. In order to deliver both voice as well as data service with very high transmission rate, cdma network has incorporated many new nodes and protocols with respect to old 2g or 2. Phil flikkemas usf briefing introduction to spread spectrum pdf about the capacity of a ds spread spectrum cdma cellular system pdf overview of modulation techniques for wireless pdf prof. Protocol technologies for lunar surface communications thomas m. Physical layer modes the cdma2000 physical layer includes several. The main task of the data link layer is to transform a raw transmission facility into a line that appears free of undetected transmission errors to the network layer. For example, map uses layer 7, sccp uses layer 3, isup uses 4 through 7. I mostly know about the physical details of radio transmission from what i studied at grad school bpsk, qpsk, mimo, fading, etc. Telcom 2720 24 simple ip service cdma2000 ppp is data link layer protocol between the ms and pdsn. The ac authentication center is physically combined with the hlr. A brief survey of media access control, data link layer. When a data frame layer 2 data is sent from one host to another over a single medium, it is required that the sender and receiver should work at the same speed.

It accomplishes this task by having the sender break up the input data into data frames typically a few hundred or few thousand bytes and transmit the frames sequentially. Layer 2 enables frames to be transported via local media e. These codes are used for synchronization in the forward and reverse links and for cellbase station identification in the forward link the short code repeats every 26. Transmit voice data via ip over the cdma2000 1x evdo network. Introduction to cdma code division multiple access cdma is a radically new concept in wireless communications. Link layer retransmission schemes for circuitmode data over. It adds sender and receiver mac addresses to the data packet to form a data unit called a frame. Joint physical layer and data link layer optimization of.

A local area network data link layer and physical layer specifications. The network layer is interested in getting messages to the corresponding network layer module on an adjacent machine. Wallett national aeronautics and space administration glenn research center cleveland, ohio 445 nasatm2009215295 1 abstract this paper surveys and describes some of the existing media access control and data link layer technologies for possible application in lunar surface. The visited msc vmsc, to pass data needed for certain procedures i. For higher speed data requirements, the transmitter may simultaneously use multiple code channels to deliver data to the receiver.

May 04, 20 for cellularcdma wireless communications systems the tpc plays a major role for the uplink. In osi networking model, why is network layer above data. Focusing on the downlink direction, we seek for the overall performance improvement which can be achieved by cross layer analysis and design, taking physical layer, link layer, network layer, and transport layer into account. Crosslayer design and analysis of downlink communications in.